Final answer:
IGF-1 is primarily produced in the liver, enhances growth of bones and tissues, and increases amino acid and glucose uptake in muscle and bone cells. IGF-2 promotes growth mainly during fetal development and continues to contribute to muscle regeneration and neural development in adulthood.
Step-by-step explanation:
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), also referred to as somatomedin C, is a hormone stimulated by growth hormone (GH) and is predominantly produced in the liver. IGF-1 plays a crucial role in stimulating the growth of bones and other tissues during development and is especially impactful in muscle and bone cells. It supports the uptake of amino acids and glucose into cells, enhancing protein synthesis and promoting the formation of new muscle fibers and bone cells.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) also promotes tissue growth and development, but it has a more pronounced effect during fetal development compared to IGF-1. IGF-2's role extends into adulthood but is not as significant in postnatal growth as IGF-1. It is also involved in the regulation of muscle regeneration and the neural development process.