Final answer:
Somatostatin-14 is an endocrine hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates several physiological processes including inhibiting the production of growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon, as well as controlling the stomach acid environment. It also interacts with cAMP to trigger physiological reactions and plays a role in gastrointestinal satiety signals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The physiologic role of somatostatin-14, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH), is quite diverse in the human body. This endocrine hormone, primarily produced by the delta cells of the pancreas, plays a crucial role in inhibiting the secretion of several other hormones. It acts on the pituitary gland to inhibit the production of growth hormone (GH) and on the pancreas to suppress the secretion of insulin and glucagon, which are critical in the regulation of blood glucose levels. Further, it helps control the stomach acid environment by stopping the release of hydrochloric acid from stomach mucosa post digestion, preventing excessive acidity that could lead to gastric discomfort or ulcers.
Somatostatin also interacts with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) second messenger system, which influences numerous physiological processes through its actions as a phosphorylation trigger. The influence of somatostatin extends to gastrointestinal functions where it contributes to feelings of satiety after eating by inhibiting gastric emptying and slowing intestinal transit.