Final answer:
It is true that job evaluation systems undervaluing work typically done by women exemplify constructive discrimination, reinforcing gender wage gaps and market biases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Job evaluation systems that undervalue jobs traditionally held by women are an example of constructive discrimination. This is true because such systems contribute to the perpetuation of a gender wage gap by systematically undervaluing the contribution of women in the workforce. Statistical discrimination and insufficient information about individual productivity can lead employers to make decisions that reinforce gender biases, resulting in men being favored over equally qualified women. Furthermore, the persistent earning gaps between different genders and races, despite having similar educational and experiential qualifications, indicate the presence of discrimination in the labor market. Measures to eliminate such discrimination include enacting and enforcing policies like equal pay for equal work and improving educational outcomes to create a fairer job market for all.