Final answer:
The eye is highly sensitive to radiation because lens cells have impaired repair capabilities. Neutrons are particularly damaging due to secondary radiation, and types of radiation differ in their penetration and damage potential, with implications for human health and safety regulations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The eye is particularly vulnerable to radiation damage, especially from non-ionizing radiation. This is due to the fact that the cells in the lens of the eye have a decreased ability to repair themselves. When considering types of radiation, neutrons are more damaging than gamma rays (γ rays) because they can lead to secondary radiation upon being captured. This can have a profound impact on biological systems, causing various levels of harm. A noteworthy point is that short-range particles such as α rays can cause significant damage internally, however, they are generally stopped by the skin and do not enter the body.
This understanding of radiation's effects is crucial in determining safety regulations for exposure. Rapidly dividing cells, such as those in bone marrow and intestinal tissue, are more susceptible to radiation-induced damage. This susceptibility is a reason why radiation is used in cancer treatment, as cancer cells divide more quickly than normal cells. These insights are essential when considering the protection of human health against possible radiation hazards, both in medical settings and in environments with potential radiation exposure.