Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is C.) osmotic diuresis, which is the loss of water in the urine due to unreabsorbed solutes such as glucose in diabetes mellitus, causing polyuria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The loss of water in the urine due to unreabsorbed solutes is known as osmotic diuresis. This typically occurs when substances like glucose remain in the renal tubule and are not reabsorbed, drawing water into the urine by osmosis. A prime example of osmotic diuresis is seen in cases of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, where the blood glucose levels exceed the reabsorption capacity, leading to excessive glucose in the urine and resultant water loss. The correct answer is C.) osmotic diuresis.
Osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol or high levels of glucose from diabetes, can cause dehydration due to the powerful osmotic effect they have, leading to frequent urination, or polyuria, and further exacerbating conditions by prompting increased thirst, or polydipsia, and increased hunger, or polyphagia, due to the cellular starvation.