Final answer:
The correct answer is functional authority, which permits specialized departments to make specific decisions typically reserved for line managers or higher management.
Step-by-step explanation:
Giving a department the right to make decisions that are usually made by line managers or top management is an example of functional authority. This type of authority allows staff in specific, specialized departments the power to make decisions for other departments or personnel that normally fall within the purview of line management.
It contrasts with line authority where managers have direct control over decisions within their own department or areas of responsibility.