Final answer:
Neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), and peramivir (Rapivab), are antiviral drugs used to treat influenza A and B by preventing the release of the virus from infected cells, reducing symptoms and duration of the illness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), and peramivir (Rapivab) are used to limit the duration of infections with influenza A and B. These drugs specifically target influenza viruses by blocking the activity of a viral surface enzyme called neuraminidase. This enzyme is essential for the release of newly formed influenza viruses from infected cells. Inhibiting neuraminidase prevents the spread of the virus by hindering its escape from infected host cells. Oseltamivir is taken orally, zanamivir is inhaled, while peramivir is administered intravenously. Although these treatments are effective in reducing symptoms and shortening the illness duration, vaccination remains the more effective way to control influenza outbreaks.