Final answer:
The formation of phagolysomes is actually part of the phagocytic process and not a mechanism to avoid digestion by phagocytes; mechanisms used for evasion include bacterial capsules, escaping from, and surviving inside the phagolysosome.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mechanisms to avoid digestion by phagocytes include bacterial capsules, escape from the phagolysosome, and surviving inside the phagolysosome. The formation of phagolysomes is not a mechanism to avoid digestion by phagocytes; rather, it is a part of the phagocytic process where the phagosome fuses with a lysosome to digest the pathogen. Bacterial strategies to evade destruction by phagocytes include producing capsules that inhibit the adhesion of immune cells, thereby avoiding ingestion. Other strategies include the escape of pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella from the phagosome before lysosome fusion or the inhibition of fusion as seen with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Legionella pneumophila, and Salmonella species. Mycobacterium tuberculosis further survives with the help of mycolic acid in its cell envelope that resists the killing mechanisms within the phagolysosome.