Final answer:
William Tuke was a pioneer in the field of clinical psychology during the Period of Enlightenment, having founded the York Retreat as a humane therapy facility for the mentally ill, which influenced modern psychiatric care.
Step-by-step explanation:
During the Period of Enlightenment, a notable figure in the history of clinical psychology was William Tuke. He was a pioneer in the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill. In response to the inhumane conditions at asylums during the 18th century, Tuke founded the York Retreat in England in 1796. This was a pioneering effort to provide kind, moral therapy for the mentally ill. The facility emphasized a humane environment that would promote the patients' self-control and the recovery of their mental integrity through socially and mentally stimulating activities. Tuke's approach represented a significant shift from the previously harsh and often brutal treatment of individuals with mental illness and laid the groundwork for more compassionate and evidence-based care. His work influenced other reformers and the eventual development of modern psychiatric and psychological care practices.