Final answer:
Induction occurs when a positive rod is brought close to a neutral metal plate, causing a redistribution of charges. Grounding involves connecting a charged object to the ground, neutralizing its charge.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a positively charged rod is brought close to a neutral metal plate, induction occurs. The negative charges in the metal are attracted to the positive rod, causing them to move towards the rod and redistribute. This redistribution of charges results in more positive charge on the rod and more negative charge on the metal plate. The induced positive charge on the metal plate causes the metal leaf to be repelled and move apart from each other.On the other hand, grounding involves connecting a charged object to the ground. When a charged rod is brought close to an electroscope and the metal plate is touched with a finger, charge flows from the ground through the body and onto the metal plate. This flow of charge neutralizes the opposite charge on the rod, resulting in an excess of negative charge on the electroscope. In this case, the metal leaf remains apart even after the rod is moved away.