Final answer:
Clinical psychology training models include traditional psychoanalytic and client-centered therapies, as well as modern behavioral, cognitive, and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Clinical psychologists may obtain a PhD or PsyD, while psychiatrists have an MD and can prescribe medication. Community psychology also contributes with a strengths-based model focusing on psychological empowerment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The models of training in clinical psychology largely focus on preparing individuals to provide therapeutic services, administer psychological tests, and understand and treat psychological disorders. The educational path to becoming a licensed clinical or counseling psychologist typically involves earning a PhD or PsyD. Following their doctoral education, psychologists may complete postdoctoral work under the supervision of a licensed psychologist, although this requirement has been waived in several states recently, allowing for an earlier start to their careers.
In addition to the traditional psychoanalytic and client-centered therapeutic approaches developed by Freud and Rogers, modern clinical psychology incorporates behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy influenced by the behaviorist movement and the cognitive revolution. These models of therapy and others are applied within various settings, from private practices to hospitals. Psychiatrists, on the other hand, while also providing therapy, hold a doctor of medicine degree (MD) and have the ability to prescribe medication, which differentiates them from clinical psychologists.
Community psychology is another relevant field that contributes to the practice of clinical psychology. Community psychologists engage with communities to address systemic issues and work within a strengths-based model focusing on psychological empowerment. This model encourages psychologists to utilize the inherent strengths of individuals and communities in the therapeutic process.