Final answer:
The statement pertains to law and indicates that authorization is required before taking certain actions, such as using copyrighted material or forwarding emails, unless already permitted by exceptions like fair use. This is applicable in the context of copyright laws and communication ethics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase 'unless permission to do so has been explicitly granted' refers to the need for authorization before engaging in certain actions that are otherwise restricted. This concept is often found within legal frameworks such as copyright laws, where using material protected by copyright typically requires permission from the copyright holder.
An exception to this is outlined in the provided text, which states that certain uses are permitted under fair use or specific limitations of copyright laws. For example, using brief excerpts for scholarly and educational purposes might not require explicit permission provided the source is acknowledged and doesn't violate the given restrictions.
Furthermore, the moral rights of the author, including the right to be identified as the author, are asserted in such legal contexts. In the given situation involving the forwarding of an email, it implies that one must obtain consent from the email's author before forwarding their message to others. This is not only a matter of respecting privacy and confidentiality but also adhering to ethical standards in communication.
The complete question is: unless permission to do so has been explicitly granted is: