Final answer:
Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution, which underpins modern taxonomy, but did not specifically categorize humans. Humans are classified in a Linnaean system as part of the domain Eukarya, kingdom Animalia, and species Homo sapiens.
Step-by-step explanation:
In his taxonomy of living things, Charles Darwin did not specifically categorize humans; instead, he developed the theory of evolution, which explains the diversity and classifications of all species, including humans. The modern taxonomy system places humans in the domain Eukarya, which includes all life forms with complex cells. Within this domain, humans belong to the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Primates, family Hominidae, genus Homo, and species sapiens. This classification highlights our commonalities with other primates, such as having five digits with nails, opposable thumbs, and a large brain, among other traits.
Though it was Carolus Linnaeus who first classified humans binomially as Homo sapiens, Darwin's work on evolution provides the overarching explanation for the natural groupings and relatedness among species seen in the taxonomic system.