Final answer:
Large molecules use vesicle transport, which include endocytosis and exocytosis, to move into or out of a cell. These processes require energy, indicating that they are active transport mechanisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Large molecules such as macromolecules, parts of cells, or even whole cells are moved into a cell by processes called endocytosis and exocytosis. These are types of vesicle transport, which is a form of active transport requiring energy. In endocytosis, the cell's plasma membrane surrounds the particle and engulfs it, forming a vesicle that separates from the membrane and moves into the cell. Exocytosis is the reverse process, where substances contained in vesicles are expelled from the cell as the vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane. Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are specific forms of endocytosis, with phagocytosis involving the ingestion of large particles or cells and pinocytosis involving the uptake of fluids and dissolved substances.