Final answer:
Special Access Programs include SAP categories focused on sensitive technology research and development, requiring significant long-term investment and can be subject to political influences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The SAP category that includes programs involved in sensitive technology research and development (R&D) is often referred to as Special Access Programs. These programs tend to be highly classified and are typically associated with defense or national security endeavors. When it comes to enhancing technology through R&D, the process necessitates substantial investment and can span over many years, exemplified by the long-term development of new products like the University of Minnesota's apple variety. It's important to note that while R&D generates technology that becomes broadly available, which can incentivize firms to invest in innovation, it also has implications for taxpayers and can be influenced by political objectives.