Final answer:
The authority to direct Secret Special Access Program (SAP) items as 'accountable' SAP information lies with government authorities, such as the President or heads of agencies. The Supreme Court has determined that the press's right to print classified material is limited and cannot compromise military personnel or covert operatives. Classified SAP information is heavily regulated by the government to protect national security.
Step-by-step explanation:
Authority Over Classified SAP Information
The authority that directs Secret Special Access Program (SAP) items and other classified media as 'accountable' SAP information primarily falls to specific government agencies and officials within the United States. In the context of classified material and national security, it is common for the executive branch to have the final say.
This would include the President and the respective heads of the agencies in control of the SAP, typically within the Department of Defense or intelligence community agencies. It is not a power vested in private entities or the general public.
For instance, if classified materials are leaked or if a media outlet comes into possession of classified information, the government can assert its authority to protect national security. In certain cases, as with the Pentagon Papers, the Supreme Court can be asked to rule on the issue. The Supreme Court has determined that the right of the press to print classified material is not absolute. According to a historical ruling, the press may print classified material only if it does not jeopardize military troops or covert operatives. However, the ultimate decision on what is deemed 'accountable' or how classified information should be handled remains with the designated authorities within the government.