Final answer:
The study examines the low rates of cuckoldry in a western population using Y-chromosome and genealogical data, exploring the fidelity in relationships and genetic inheritance patterns, within the context of changing social norms post-World War II.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to a scientific study of historical low rates of cuckoldry in a western human population traced by Y-chromosome and genealogical data by Larmuseau et al. This study likely involves an analysis of genetic markers, specifically on the Y-chromosome, which can reveal patterns of paternity and inheritance within a population. This is combined with genealogical investigation to understand familial relationships and the historical prevalence of cuckoldry, which is when a child is unknowingly raised by a man who is not the biological father.
The broader context of this question touches upon the postwar perception of sex and marriage, which was challenged by studies such as Kinsey's report on human sexuality. This report, and others like it, influenced public understanding of behaviors such as homosexuality and extramarital affairs, casting doubt on the traditionally assumed rarity of such practices. Further exploration of this topic might examine how societal changes, including increased visibility of GLBT communities and evolving norms around marriage and family, have impacted rates of cuckoldry and the genetic diversity within populations.