Final answer:
The common theme among all promotion forms is that they cost money. Corporations may join together because of strength in numbers, common issues, and mutual benefit from governmental policies. Determinist and free will perspectives frame understanding of human actions in response to incentives like advertising.
Step-by-step explanation:
The common theme of all forms of promotion is that they all cost money (option C). While the effectiveness and fun aspect of promotions can vary widely, and they are typically designed to generate sales, the inherent cost is a consistent factor across all promotional activities. Businesses invest in promotions with the understanding of human behavior and how it can be influenced by advertising. People are often swayed to make purchases, even for items they might not necessarily need or can afford, due to the persuasive power of ads. This reflects the larger concept of determinism, the philosophy that all events, including human actions, are ultimately determined by causes regarded as external to the will. This perspective is challenged by the notion of free will, which asserts that individuals can make choices that are not predetermined.
Several competing corporations might join together in an association for multiple reasons. There is indeed strength in numbers, which helps in addressing common issues that may impact the entire industry. Additionally, creating such an alliance can lead to a united front that influences governmental policies to benefit all involved parties. Therefore, the correct answer to why competing corporations would join together in an association is option D, all the above.