Final answer:
Prostate cancer screening recommendations, such as PSA or PCA3 tests, should be individualized, taking into account risk factors and potential harms of treatment. The decision to undergo genetic testing for cancer risk should involve genetic counseling. A man with a 33% increased genetic risk for prostate cancer should discuss screening options with his healthcare provider and a genetic counselor.
Step-by-step explanation:
Prostate cancer screening has been a topic of much debate, with the 2011 recommendation by the United States Preventative Services Task Force advising against routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in healthy men. This recommendation stems from evidence that such screenings don't significantly lower mortality rates from prostate cancer, and can lead to overtreatment and associated side effects. Instead, the decision to undergo prostate cancer screening should be individualized based on risk factors, family history, and personal preferences.
The genetic risk for cancer and the decision to obtain genetic testing is another aspect of cancer screening. Genetic counseling is highly recommended, as it can guide individuals on the implications of test results and appropriate steps thereafter. Factors such as age, family history, lifestyle factors, and genetic predisposition should be considered when deciding about screening and genetic testing.
For the 46-year-old male with a 33% increased risk of prostate cancer as per genetic testing results, a discussion with a healthcare provider and possibly a genetic counselor would be the most appropriate management. This would include an assessment of other risk factors for prostate cancer and an evaluation of the potential benefits and risks associated with initiating screening in his particular case.