Final answer:
Prevention and control for Onchocerca volvulus involves mass drug administration, vector control, and health education.
Step-by-step explanation:
Prevention and control for Onchocerca volvulus is achieved through several methods:
- Mass drug administration (MDA): This involves giving the medication ivermectin to at-risk populations in affected areas. This drug kills the microfilariae (larvae) of the parasite, preventing transmission and reducing the burden of the disease.
- Vector control: Since the parasite is transmitted through the bite of infected black flies, controlling the fly population can help prevent the spread of infection. This can be done through measures like insecticide-treated bed nets and environmental modification to reduce breeding sites.
- Health education: Raising awareness about the disease, its transmission, and prevention methods is crucial for community participation in control efforts. This includes promoting personal protective measures like wearing long-sleeved clothing and using insect repellents.