Final answer:
Shear stress combined with longitudinal flexural stress leads to deformation, characterized by sideways shifting of material layers. Shear deformation is quantified by the amount of shift (Ax) in relation to the original dimensions (Lo and A) and the material's shear modulus (S).
Step-by-step explanation:
When a material experiences a combination of shear and longitudinal flexural stress, it typically results in a type of deformation. Shear stress refers to forces acting parallel to the material's surface, while flexural stress involves bending. Shear deformation, caused by shear stress, is characterized by the sideways shifting of the material layers. According to the provided references, this deformation (Ax) is perpendicular to the original length (Lo) and the shear modulus (S) describes the material's resistance to shear deformation.
The expression for shear deformation is given by the equation Ax = F/(Lo × SA), where F represents the applied force, A signifies the cross-sectional area, and Lo is the transverse distance. Therefore, shear deformation involves a shift (Ax) that occurs when two equal and opposite forces (F) are applied tangentially across opposite surfaces of the object. The shear modulus (S) helps to determine the extent of this deformation, with a higher modulus indicating greater resistance.