Final answer:
These concepts are related to structural engineering and involve strengthening, altering stiffness, adding continuity, adding containment, rationalizing existing capacity, and isolating a building from the ground.
Step-by-step explanation:
Concepts in Structural Engineering
Add strength: In structural engineering, adding strength refers to reinforcing a structure to enhance its ability to withstand loads and forces. This can be achieved through the use of materials with high strength properties, such as steel or concrete, or by incorporating additional structural elements like beams, columns, or braces.
Alter stiffness: Stiffness refers to the resistance of a structure to deformation or deflection. In engineering, altering stiffness involves modifying the structural elements or materials to achieve a desired level of rigidity or flexibility. This can be done by changing the dimensions, shape, or cross-sectional properties of the elements.
Add continuity: Adding continuity in structural engineering refers to ensuring a seamless connection or flow of forces between different parts of a structure. Continuity is achieved through the use of structural elements like beams, slabs, or walls that are designed to transfer loads and stresses efficiently.
Add containment: Adding containment involves incorporating features or elements in a structure to prevent the spread or escape of substances or forces. This can include measures like walls, barriers, or enclosures that restrict the movement or dispersion of materials or energy.
Rationalize the existing capacity: Rationalizing the existing capacity involves analyzing and evaluating the current load-carrying capacity of a structure and making adjustments or improvements to optimize its performance. This may include redistributing loads, reinforcing weak areas, or implementing structural upgrades.
Isolate the building from the ground: In structural engineering, isolating the building from the ground refers to implementing measures to minimize the impact of ground vibrations or movements on the structure. This can be achieved through the use of specialized isolation systems, such as base isolators or vibration dampers, which decouple the building from the ground.