Final answer:
The correct command to check and replace damaged core OS components on a Windows XP Professional machine is SFC /SCANNOW. This utility scans protected system files and repairs file integrity issues. Other options like CHKDSK, FORMAT, or DISKPART do not serve the purpose of checking system file integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The command that can be used to check and replace damaged files of the core OS components on a Windows XP Professional machine is SFC /SCANNOW. 'SFC' stands for System File Checker, and it is a utility in Microsoft Windows that allows users to scan for and restore corruptions in Windows system files. When you execute the SFC /SCANNOW command, the System File Checker scans all protected system files and replaces incorrect versions with correct Microsoft versions.
The option CHKDSK /R /F is used to check the disk for errors and bad sectors and attempt to fix them. FORMAT C: would completely erase the contents of the C: drive, and DISKPART is a command-line utility for disk partitioning but does not deal with file integrity. Therefore, SFC /SCANNOW is the correct tool for the job.