Final answer:
The League of Nations aimed to ensure global security and prevent future wars by establishing the principle of collective security, under which an attack on one member was an attack on all. It sought to maintain world peace and facilitate international cooperation. However, the League ultimately failed to prevent the aggression that sparked World War II.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major goals of the League of Nations were to promote global security, prevent future wars, and maintain world peace through the principle of collective security. This principle held that an attack on one member of the League would be considered an attack on all, thus obligating all member nations to defend each other against military threats, a concept integral to the League's covenant as outlined in Article X. Moreover, the League aimed to facilitate good relations among countries, ensure mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity, and provide a platform to resolve international disputes peacefully. Despite these ambitions, the League was unable to prevent the aggression that led to World War II, with key powers like Japan, Germany, and Italy withdrawing from the organization and the United States not joining due to the Senate's refusal to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.