Final answer:
The numerical measure used to communicate risk is probability, which quantifies the likelihood of an event occurring. Duration is considered quantitative continuous data, while 'number of times per week' is quantitative discrete data. For levels of measurement, colors would use a nominal scale and items like temperature settings would use ratio/interval scales.
Step-by-step explanation:
The numerical measure typically used to communicate risk, regardless of how it is assessed, is d. probability. This is because probability provides a quantifiable way to express the likelihood of an event occurring. For example, if the probability of contracting a disease is high within a certain population, public health officials may take more preventive measures.
When considering different types of data, duration (amount of time) would be considered as c. quantitative continuous data because it can take on any value within a range and is not limited to distinct steps. Likewise, 'number of times per week' would also fall into the category of b. quantitative discrete data because it's counted as distinct events within a set period of time.
In the context of levels of measurement, if we classify items into categories that don't have a logical order, such as the colors of crayons, we would use a nominal scale. However, if the classification has a logical order, such as classifying athletic ability or temperature settings, we would use an ordinal or ratio/interval scale respectively.