Final answer:
Hippocrates introduced hypotheses for natural causes of diseases and Thucydides provided early insights into immunity. These concepts framed the critical roles of hypothesis and prognosis in advancing ancient Greek medicine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The roles of hypothesis and prognosis in ancient Greek medicine were pivotal to its practice and development. A hypothesis in Greek medicine, influenced by the teachings of Hippocrates, involved proposing naturalistic explanations for diseases, dismissing supernatural causes and focusing on environmental or personal factors contributing to illness. Prognosis was the prediction of the disease outcome, a concept observed by historian Thucydides during the Athenian plague, recognizing an early understanding of immunity based on empirical observations. Both hypothesis and prognosis were integral in advancing the practice of medicine through observation and inductive reasoning, leading to refinements by other Greek scientists, including the philosophical development of atomism by Leucippus and Democritus.