Final answer:
External otitis, or swimmer's ear, is an infection of the external ear canal primarily caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Treatment usually involves special ear drops possibly incorporating antibacterials and steroids, but resistance to antibiotics can be a challenge. It is distinct from acute otitis media, which affects the middle ear and is the leading cause for child antibiotic prescriptions.
Step-by-step explanation:
External otitis, often referred to as swimmer's ear, is an infection of the external ear canal. This condition is typically caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which thrives in wet environments. Sufferers of external otitis may experience symptoms such as itching, redness, discomfort in the ear, and if the infection is severe, they could develop fever, pain, and swelling of the affected area.
The outer ear consists of the pinna, ear canal, and tympanum, which together function to conduct sound waves into the middle ear. Otitis externa differs from acute otitis media (AOM), which is an infection of the middle ear, characterized by the accumulation of pus and associated with ear pain, fever, nausea, and sometimes vomiting, especially in infants. AOM is a common reason for pediatric visits and antibiotic prescriptions in the United States among children younger than age 5 years.
Treatment for otitis externa commonly involves ear drops that may contain acetic acid, antibacterials, and/or steroids to reduce inflammation. If a fungal infection is suspected, antifungal agents may also be included. Some strains of Pseudomonas spp. are resistant to many antibiotics, making treatment challenging, but certain medications such as polymyxin B, gentamicin, and some fluoroquinolones can still be effective.