Final answer:
True, the renouncers who followed the Philosophical Hinduism path were primarily upper-class men, aligning with Vedic society's hierarchical norms and patriarchal family structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Prothero, it is true that most renouncers following the way of wisdom of Philosophical Hinduism were upper-class men. This reflects the social structure of Vedic society, where the upper echelons, including the Brahmans and Kshatriyas, had the access to education and leisure needed for philosophical pursuits.
Women, being subservient in the predominantly patriarchal family structure fostered by Hinduism, were less likely to engage in such practices that were mainly reserved for men of higher social classes.