Final answer:
Enzyme-deficiency disorders cause health issues, including mental and physical deterioration. Examples include Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and Glycogen storage diseases, which lead to severe and progressive symptoms. Neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's result from protein aggregation and subsequent brain cell death.
Step-by-step explanation:
Enzyme-Deficiency Disorders
Enzyme-deficiency disorders are a group of inherited metabolic conditions where a key enzyme is absent or malfunctioning due to genetic mutations. The deficiency in these enzymes can lead to the accumulation of toxic substances or the failure to produce essential compounds, resulting in various health issues, including mental and physical deterioration. One such disorder is Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), where a mutation affects the metabolism of very-long-chain fatty acids, leading to progressive damage to the myelin sheath of nerves in the brain. Symptoms can include behavioral changes and neurological decline. Treatment options, like Lorenzo's oil and gene therapy, are currently limited and not universally effective.
Glycogen storage diseases, such as Glycogen storage disease type-II, are another example. They result from the inability to properly break down glycogen, causing progressive muscle weakness and impacting heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and the nervous system. Progressive neurological disorders like Huntington's disease also arise from genetic mutations impacting the nervous system, with the onset of symptoms typically appearing in mid-life and including movement, cognitive, and psychiatric disorders.
Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are neurodegenerative conditions associated with the build-up of misfolded proteins that cause brain cell death over time. This results in symptoms like memory loss, personality changes, movement disorders, and dementia.