Final answer:
Osteoblasts are specialized cells that synthesize the collagen matrix and initiate the calcification necessary for bone formation. They eventually become entrapped in the bone matrix and differentiate into osteocytes, maintaining bone structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Osteoblasts are bone-building cells that synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to construct the extracellular matrix of bone tissue. They initiate calcification by controlling the deposition of minerals such as calcium and phosphate, which eventually form hydroxyapatite, the substance that gives bone its hardness. These cells also contain the enzyme alkaline phosphatase, which plays a crucial role in the mineralization process. As osteoblasts secrete the organic matrix components, the proteins become insoluble, allowing for the deposition of calcium and phosphate. This process leads to mineralization, after which osteoblasts can become entrapped within the bone matrix and differentiate into osteocytes, the primary cells in mature bone.