Final answer:
After the American Revolution, England began transporting its prisoners to penal colonies in Australia, which continued until 1868.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the American Revolution, England started sending its prisoners to penal colonies in Australia. With the outbreak of the American Revolution and the subsequent independence of the American colonies, England could no longer send convicts there, as it had done before. Instead, they established new penal colonies in Australia, and by the end of the 18th century, the entire Australian continent came under British control. This movement of deporting prisoners to penal colonies in Australia started in the late 18th century and continued until 1868. At that time, the discovery of gold in the 1850s was instigating another wave of immigration to Australia. After the American Revolution, England sent its prisoners to various locations, including Australia. The practice of transporting convicts to Australia began in 1788 when the First Fleet arrived in Botany Bay. Over the next several decades, Britain continued to transport convicts to the Australian colonies as a means of alleviating overcrowded prisons and establishing a new settlement. The transportation of convicts to Australia continued until the mid-19th century, contributing significantly to the colonization and development of the Australian continent.