Final answer:
The principles of segmenting, pre-training, and modality are vital for creating effective instructional material, involving breaking down information, pre-teaching key concepts, and using both visual and auditory presentation modes to enhance learning.
Step-by-step explanation:
The principles of segmenting, pre-training, and modality are key elements in the design of effective instructional material, particularly in multimedia learning environments. The segmenting principle suggests that information should be divided into smaller chunks or segments to facilitate processing and understanding. The pre-training principle indicates that providing learners with pre-training in the names and characteristics of the main concepts can help them better understand more complex material. Lastly, the modality principle advocates for the use of both visual and auditory modes for presenting information because this can lead to improved learning rather than presenting the information with text alone.
These principles derive from cognitive theories that emphasize the limited capacity of the human working memory and the way multimedia can be optimized to foster better learning outcomes. By applying these principles, instructional designers can create more engaging and effective educational experiences that cater to the cognitive processes involved in learning.