Final answer:
The argument's conclusion that all students pass the logic exam due to the premises given may contain logical fallacies or overgeneralizations, highlighting the importance of deductive reasoning and the search for counterexamples to verify logical consistency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The argument presented has two premises: 'All students study hard' and 'All who study hard pass the logic exam'. From these premises, the conclusion drawn is 'Therefore, all students pass the logic exam'. However, there are potential flaws in this argument that could lead to the conclusion not being necessarily true, despite the premises being true.
One possible issue with the argument could be the assumption that 'studying hard' is the only factor for passing the logic exam. There could be other factors involved in passing the exam, such as understanding the material, the difficulty of the exam, or even the grading criteria.
Additionally, there might be a logical fallacy in assuming that just because all students study hard and all who study hard pass the logic exam, then all students must pass the exam. The fallacy here could be an overgeneralization or a misapplication of the rule of inference used to connect the premises to the conclusion.
To better assess the argument, we should look for potential counterexamples or conditions where the premises don't necessarily lead to the conclusion. Also, deductive reasoning can be applied to the argument to check its validity, similar to how we handle mathematical problems with known functions and rules.