Final answer:
The Sun's orbit around the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way follows from the evidence of a high concentration of mass in the region and is consistent with the understanding that galaxies are structured around such massive objects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Yes, the conclusion that the Sun circulates around the black hole in our galaxy follows from the premises given. Evidence suggests that at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy lies a supermassive black hole with a mass equivalent to 4.6 million Suns. This black hole has a tremendous gravitational influence and essentially orchestrates the movement of the galaxy's stars, including our Sun.
The premise stated by Penrose and corroborated by years of observation and study is that supermassive black holes are common at the centers of galaxies. Therefore, considering that the Sun is part of the Milky Way and orbits the galactic center, it is indeed circulating around the supermassive black hole at the core of our galaxy.