Final answer:
Focused attention requires undivided mental effort and is associated with tasks like solving complex problems, while divided attention allows for handling multiple tasks simultaneously and is typical for routine activities. The brain employs different cognitive resources for each, and fatigue is more associated with focused tasks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question deals with the concepts of focused attention and divided attention in the field of psychology. Focused attention refers to situations when a task requires undivided mental resources, such as solving a complex mathematical problem. This is a type of effortful processing where one has to consciously focus on the task at hand. Examples include the 'Selective Attention Test', which reveals how concentrated attention can lead to one missing other unexpected stimuli.
On the other hand, divided attention occurs when we're able to process multiple tasks simultaneously. These tasks usually involve automatic processing that requires less cognitive load. For instance, you might be able to recall what you had for lunch (automatic processing) while studying for a test (effortful processing). Tasks like walking while talking on the phone or listening to music while driving allow for divided attention because they've become routine and don't demand extensive focus.
Both types of attention use different cognitive resources. While focused attention uses heavy mental resources and can lead to fatigue and increased stress, divided attention handles routine information processing with less cognitive strain. To support attention in various tasks, systems can be designed with multiple-part problems and problem-solving strategies that mimic normal, multi-faceted situations.