Final answer:
Unsecured loans are known as signature loans, relying on the borrower's promise to pay without collateral. Banks assess creditworthiness through income verification and credit checks, and sometimes require a cosigner for additional security.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unsecured loans, which refer to loans that are not backed by collateral, come in various forms. Among the options provided, unsecured loans are sometimes called signature loans (option c), as these require only the borrower's signature and promise to pay, instead of a form of physical collateral. Unlike secured loans, where collateral such as property or equipment can be seized if the borrower defaults, unsecured loans rely heavily on the borrower's creditworthiness. This creditworthiness is determined, in part, by income sources and a credit check conducted by the bank. Another form of security for a loan can include a cosigner, who pledges to repay the loan if the original borrower defaults. Owing to the greater risk to the lender with an unsecured loan, they may attract a higher interest rate compared to secured loans.