Final answer:
d. Triangulating data from multiple sources
In a qualitative research study, establishing data validity typically involves triangulating data from multiple sources to ensure comprehensive and unbiased findings.
Step-by-step explanation:
When conducting a qualitative research study, data validity is usually established by triangulating data from multiple sources. Triangulation involves using various data sources or methodologies to approach the research topic from different angles, increasing confidence in the findings. Other methods, such as analyzing data at a lower alpha level or increasing sample size, are more relevant to quantitative research. In qualitative studies, methods like in-depth interviews, focus groups, and analysis of content from diverse sources enhance the richness of the data and contribute to its validity. Qualitative research involves a high level of analysis to identify patterns, themes, and relationships. It is crucial to apply interpretative skills to the data and maintain value neutrality to ensure the results are free from researcher bias.