Final answer:
The clinical measure that exemplifies an ordinal level of measurement is 'd. Visual analog pain rating', which allows patients to rate their pain along a continuum that has a definite order but not precise measurement intervals between the points.
Step-by-step explanation:
The clinical measure that exemplifies an ordinal level of measurement is d. Visual analog pain rating. An ordinal level of measurement is one where the data can be ordered, but the differences between the data points cannot be precisely measured. The visual analog pain rating scale fits this description because it asks patients to rate their pain on a scale that has a definite order (for example, from no pain to severe pain) but the increments do not represent equal intervals of actual pain intensity.
Another example of ordinal data is a survey rating system with categories like excellent, good, satisfactory, and unsatisfactory, where the order indicates a ranking but the exact differences between rankings are not defined. The other options provided, such as heart rate (b), which is a ratio level of measurement, and joint range-of-motion (c), also likely represent ratio or interval measurements, do not fit the criteria for ordinal data.