Final answer:
Color perception is based on the light that objects reflect, not absorb, and it's the cones in our eyes that detect color. The idea that rods detect color is false; they are actually responsible for seeing in low light and detecting shades of gray.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that colors of objects are perceived by the eye by sensing the light that is absorbed by an object is false. The perception of color is actually determined by the light that is reflected off an object and then detected by the eye. Our eyes have photoreceptor cells called rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision), whereas cones are active at higher light levels (photopic vision) and are capable of color vision. There are three types of cones that are sensitive to different wavelengths corresponding to the primary colors red, green, and blue. The true color of an object remains constant under varying lighting because of a phenomenon known as color constancy. The false statement from the options provided is "Rods detect color, while cones detect only shades of gray." In actuality, it is the cones that detect color and the rods that perceive shades of gray.