Final answer:
To examine the entire genome for genetic markers, one must perform whole-genome sequencing. This process reveals the DNA sequence of the whole genome, providing detailed information that complements genetic and physical maps to fully understand the genome's structure and function.
Step-by-step explanation:
To look at the entire genome for genetic markers, you need to conduct a whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Whole-genome sequencing is an advanced technique that determines the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time. This approach provides a comprehensive blueprint of an organism's genetic makeup, allowing researchers to identify genetic markers throughout the entire genome. The process of genome mapping, which includes both creating genetic linkage maps and physical maps, is necessary to build a complete picture of the genome. Genetic linkage maps use genetic markers as references, much like landmarks on a highway map, to give a broad overview of gene locations across chromosomes. In contrast, physical maps provide the exact nucleotide spacing between these markers, offering a detailed view akin to a street-level road map.
Whole-genome sequencing has been crucial to expanding our understanding of human diseases and has applications in various fields, including biofuel development, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and pollution control. Combined with genome mapping, WGS offers the detailed genomic information needed for these endeavors.