Final answer:
Marsha understands that navigating ethics is challenging because cultural norms vary, aligning with the concept of Normative Ethical Relativism which recognizes the validity of each culture's predominant ethical views. Philosophers have sought universal ethical principles based on reason, but a consensus on such principles has yet to be reached.
Step-by-step explanation:
Marsha holds an Ethics Refresher training every Spring at her brokerage. She is aware that ethics are complex, notably because b) Cultural norms differ. The complexity of navigating ethics in business arises from the fact that there is no universal standard that applies to all cultural contexts, making uniform ethical practices complicated. This is in line with the theory of Normative Ethical Relativism, which argues that each culture's predominant view of ethics is correct within that specific culture and cannot be universally overridden or criticized by minority views.
The alternative to Normative Ethical Relativism is the search for universal principles of ethics based on reason, as has been pursued since the time of Socrates. Philosophers have proposed various principles that might have universal application, seeking a common ground for morality across different cultures and societies. However, an agreed set of universal principles has not been established, reflecting the ongoing debate and dynamic nature of ethical considerations in diverse social contexts.