Final answer:
Peter the Great reformed various sectors, including the Orthodox Church, government bureaucracy, and cultural aspects, but did not improve peasant conditions. The rigid social structure and serfdom continued, largely unchanged during his reign.
Step-by-step explanation:
Peter the Great is known for his extensive reforms across Russian society, culture, and government, which included overhauls of the Orthodox Church hierarchy, restructuring the government bureaucracy, and changes in clothing and architecture styles. However, one aspect of Russian life that Peter did not reform was peasant conditions. Despite his efforts to modernize Russia and bring it closer to Western European standards, Peter did not address the rigid social hierarchy that kept serfs, who made up the majority of peasants, enslaved to their masters, who were often landowners. This rigid social structure was a significant impediment to reform, as the nobility opposed changes that would threaten their privileges, and the serfs lacked the freedom or means to effect change.