Final answer:
Ivan Mazepa was a Ukrainian Cossack leader who betrayed Peter the Great of Russia by siding with Sweden during the Great Northern War. He was not a naval battle, an illegitimate child of Peter, or a Polish king, but rather a hetman of the Zaporozhian Host.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ivan Mazepa was a Ukrainian Cossack leader who is known for his association with Peter the Great of Russia. Specifically, Mazepa is remembered for his betrayal of Peter I during the Great Northern War, when Mazepa defected to Sweden. Mazepa was neither a naval battle, one of Peter's illegitimate children, nor a Polish king. He was a hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which is a historic term for the Hetmanate leadership of the Cossack state.