Final answer:
Mestnichestvo was a hereditary system in Tsarist Russia dictating the status and privileges of the noble class; it is unrelated to Soviet-era concepts or organizations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mestnichestvo was a system of hereditary ranks in Tsarist Russia that dictated the hierarchical status and privileges within the Russian noble class, or boyar society. This system played a significant role in the administration and military command structure of the Russian state prior to Peter the Great's reforms. It is not related to the Soviet bureaucrats, specially trained soldiers, taxation policies, or the Tsar's personal bodyguard as described in the various options provided. In the context of Russian history, particularly before the era of the Soviet Union, mestnichestvo represented the complex socio-political hierarchy where one's position and opportunities were directly linked to family lineage.