Final answer:
John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution in violation of Tennessee state law during the contentious 1925 Scopes Trial, which highlighted the culture wars of the era.
Step-by-step explanation:
The defendant, John Scopes, in the 1925 Scopes Trial in Dayton, Tennessee, was A) Found guilty of teaching evolution in violation of state law. The Scopes Monkey Trial was a highly publicized event that became emblematic of the early twentieth century culture wars between conservative Christian fundamentalists and more secular, liberal modernists. Despite being found guilty and fined $100, the case against John Scopes was later overturned on a technicality regarding the fine. However, the verdict did little to settle the cultural debate that the trial had come to symbolize.