Final answer:
Ammonia and amines undergo nucleophilic substitution with halogenoalkanes, where they act as nucleophiles and displace a halide group on the halogenoalkane via an S2 mechanism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ammonia and amines undergo nucleophilic substitution with halogenoalkanes. This is a type of reaction where the ammonia or amine acts as a nucleophile and replaces a leaving group (often a halide) on the halogenoalkane. In the context of halogenoalkanes, this typically takes place via an S2 bimolecular nucleophilic substitution mechanism, where the nucleophile (amine or ammonia) attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the halogenoalkane, displacing the halide leaving group. The correct answer to the question is C) Nucleophilic substitution. Reactions of amines include their participation in S2 reactions as they are good nucleophiles. The reaction involves the nucleophilic amine attacking the electrophilic carbon of the alkyl halide, leading to the formation of a new carbon-nitrogen bond and the release of the halide ion.