Final answer:
A fracture is damage to a bone from extreme load, sudden impact, or unusual stresses, with types ranging from complete breaks to partial cracks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Damage to a bone because of extreme load, sudden impact, or stresses applied from an unusual direction is called B) fracture. Bone fractures can range from complete breaks to partial cracks. These generally require emergency medical treatment due to the serious nature of the injury. Types of fractures include: closed and open fractures, which refer to whether the skin has been broken by the bone; transverse, spiral, and oblique fractures, defined by the angle of the break related to the bone's axis; comminuted fracture which involves several breaks resulting in many small pieces; and impacted fracture where one bone fragment is driven into another. It's a myth that a fracture is milder than a broken bone; in reality, they are the same thing.