Final answer:
The somatic sensory column extending from the midbrain is the Mesencephalic sensory column, part of a complex sensory pathway system that includes the dorsal column system and the spinothalamic tract for transmitting sensory information to the brain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The somatic sensory column that extends from the midbrain is known as the Mesencephalic sensory column. The sensory pathways, including the dorsal column system and the spinothalamic tract, involve three successive neurons that carry sensory information to the brain. These pathways are essential for conveying different types of sensory input, including fine touch, vibration, and proprioception via the dorsal column pathway, and pain and temperature via the spinothalamic tract. For stimuli from below the neck, sensory information travels via the spinal cord, while stimuli from the head and neck travel through the cranial nerves, in particular, the trigeminal system.