Final answer:
The highest risk of HIV transmission in healthcare settings is through a needlestick injury, as it involves direct contact with infected blood. Other types of exposures like splashes, inhalation, or contact with intact skin present a much lower risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of occupational exposure in healthcare settings, the type of exposure that carries the highest risk of HIV transmission is needlestick injury (A). This is due to direct contact with infected blood. Other forms of exposure listed, such as splash to intact skin (B), inhalation (C), and contact with non-intact skin (D), carry significantly lower risks of transmission because HIV is not typically transmitted through air, saliva, or contact with intact skin.
HIV transmission is most likely when there is a direct exposure to infected body fluids, particularly blood. Therefore, health-care workers are advised to take preventive measures such as wearing gloves and face protection, and using disposable syringes and needles to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. In the event of a needlestick or similar exposure, following the prescribed post-exposure protocols is crucial for preventing infection.