Final answer:
Standard serum protein electrophoresis separates proteins into five distinct bands, corresponding to albumin and various types of globulins based on charge and size.
Step-by-step explanation:
During standard serum protein electrophoresis, the serum proteins are separated into five distinct bands. The separation of these proteins is based on their charge and size, with the bands representing albumin, α₁-globulin, α₂-globulin, β-globulin, and γ-globulin. Each of these bands moves at a different rate towards the anode under the influence of an electric current, creating distinct sections once they are stained and visualized.